Respiratory infectious diseases are high, before the festival to remind you how to stay away from it!
With the arrival of the Spring Festival travel peak, many people have already started the "home mode" or are preparing to use the Spring Festival holiday to travel. In the case of frequent crowd activities, the risk of infection with respiratory infectious diseases has also increased.
On January 19, the Shanghai CDC released information that winter and spring itself is the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases. According to the monitoring results of respiratory infectious diseases in the city by the Shanghai CDC, the city has entered the peak season of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza and scarlet fever, but the overall incidence level is at the general level over the years.
What is a respiratory infectious disease?
Shanghai disease control experts said that respiratory infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia through respiratory tract infections.
Common respiratory infectious diseases in winter and spring include influenza, common cold caused by respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, etc., and scarlet fever. Some pathogens have obvious characteristic lesions, such as ecchymosis of meningitis and strawberry tongue of scarlet fever. Many pathogens cause mild symptoms and can recover without treatment, Some pathogens cause more severe symptoms, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome.
For some special populations, such as people with low immunity, the elderly and people with basic diseases, severe cases are often more likely to occur.
How do respiratory infections spread?
Experts from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Control revealed that respiratory infectious diseases can be spread through droplets or droplet nuclei with germs emitted from coughs and sneezes. Some respiratory infections can also be contracted through contact with items contaminated with pathogens excreted by patients.
The spread of pathogens is affected by many factors, such as population, environment, pathogen variation and so on. In winter and spring, natural factors such as cold and dry weather, increased indoor activities and poor ventilation and other human factors all increase the risk of respiratory infectious diseases.
How to prevent respiratory infections?
Disease control experts pointed out that one should pay attention to indoor ventilation, reduce and inhibit the reproduction of bacteria and viruses. Especially libraries, classrooms, dormitories, computer rooms, etc., but each ventilation time should not be too long, 15-30 minutes is appropriate, to maintain air circulation, to ensure fresh air, improve the relative humidity of the air inside.
The second is to strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness, improve their disease resistance. At the same time, maintain a normal life pattern, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, avoid overwork, reduce psychological pressure, and improve the body's ability to resist diseases.
Third, pay attention to drinking more water, a balanced diet, eat less spicy food, and eat more digestible and vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables. Raw vegetables and fruits should be carefully cleaned before. Oysters and other shellfish products should be cooked thoroughly before eating. Separate raw and cooked, separate food, knives, tableware and storage.
Fourth, we must strengthen the awareness of self-protection and take precautions. Pay attention to good personal hygiene habits such as washing hands frequently, bathing frequently, changing clothes frequently, drying clothes and bedding frequently. Wash hands with running water and soap immediately after meals, returning from going out, sneezing, coughing and cleaning nose. Wet methods should be adopted for indoor sanitation. During the epidemic of infectious diseases, try not to go to public places with dense flow of people and no air circulation, such as supermarkets, hospitals, shopping malls, etc., to reduce the possibility of exposure to measles virus as much as possible.
In addition, experts also said that vaccination is an economical and effective measure to prevent corresponding infectious diseases, especially for children, middle-aged and elderly people and people with weak physique. For example, annual influenza vaccination can effectively prevent influenza. People who have not suffered from measles should be vaccinated against hemp in time to effectively prevent the occurrence of hemp. If conditions permit, * it is good to vaccinate children against rubella, so as to avoid serious diseases. Disease control experts emphasize that once they find themselves or people around them have fever, sore limbs, cough, runny nose, sneezing, rash all over the body or ecchymosis on the skin and mucous membranes.
Severe headache, frequent vomiting and other symptoms, to the hospital immediately. Don't insist on going to work or school with illness. If you are sick, you should rest in time. Protecting yourself is also protecting others.
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